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Sickle cell anemia is a blood disorder that affects people of all ages. It is passed from parents to children by genes. SCD causes irregular hemoglobin development in your body. Hemoglobin is a protein that is round and versatile in your red blood cells. They move through the small vessels of your blood and bring oxygen to all parts of your body. With sickle cell anemia, the red blood cells are poorly shaped, hard, and sticky. They get stuck inside and start clogging your blood vessels. This can lead to pain, infection, damage to organs, low blood count, stroke, and other serious health problems.

A known cure for sickle cell anemia is a blood or marrow transplant (BMT. Sickle cell anemia Bone marrow transplantation is a therapy that takes healthy blood-forming cells from a donor and replaces them with toxic cells through an intravenous) IV) Infusion Sometimes, this procedure is also called a stem cell transplant.

IVF Treatment In India

What is bone marrow?

Bone marrow is a sponge-like tissue inside bones that acts as a “factory” and produces all of the body’s blood cells. Its stem cells produce red, white and platelet cells. People with sickle cell disease have stem cells in their bone marrow, which produce abnormal red cells that contain defective hemoglobin.

For a transplant to proceed, two essential requirements must be met.

The first is determining who is the right donor. A blood test decides who will be fastest

Second, after the selection of the best donor, both the donor and the patient will have pre-transplant procedures such as cardiac assessments, lung, kidney, etc.

An interview with a psychologist is also an essential part of the process.

Bone Marrow Transplant In India

How does a patient get a bone marrow transplant?

A child with sickle cell anemia is initially treated with chemotherapy to destroy the unhealthy bone marrow to make room for healthy stem cells in the bone marrow. Then, through a vein, he receives healthy cells from the bone marrow (donated by a brother or sister), similar to a blood transfusion. They usually do not involve surgery.

What are the risks of bone marrow transplants?

Although most children do well with a bone marrow transplant, there are some risks involved.

Once new bone marrow stem cells are injected into the bloodstream of a child with sickle cell disease, it can take several weeks for the new stem cells to develop. Your child will stay in the hospital for about two to three weeks while new stem cells are developing in the bone marrow.

The baby is at risk of infection or bleeding during this period. Infection or bleeding can be serious and in rare cases can lead to death. In some cases, the transplant may fail, resulting in the return of sickle cell disease. Other risks are possible, and this should be discussed in detail with your doctor.

Treatment of urinary tract infection usually depends upon its root cause. Doctors initially examine which organism is responsible for the infection through specific tests, and based upon the results, different UTI treatments are given. Insignificant cases, the root cause is bacteria, and for treatment purposes, doctors use antibiotics. Whereas in the case of viruses, antiviral is used as medication such as antiviral cidofovir. It is considered one of the best treatments for UTIs. Doctors prefer antifungals for fungal UTIs.

Antibiotics generally are the only line treatment for UTIs. Which drugs the doctor prescribes and for what period depends upon the patient’s overall health condition. Let us look forward to primary UTI symptoms found in men and women for better understanding.

Basic UTI Symptoms In Men:

UTI is divided into two types one is upper UTI, and another is lower UTI. In general, the symptoms vary based upon the UTI type. In upper tract UI symptoms, men and women are common, including back pain, chills, fever, nausea, and vomiting. Symptoms of a lower UTI in men include rectal pain and other common symptoms such as burning sensation while passing urine, increased urine frequency bloody or cloudy urine, urine with a strong odor.

Basic UTI Symptoms In Women:

Women with a lower UTI might go through pelvic pain along with other mentioned common UTI symptoms. However, symptoms of upper UTI are the same amongst men and women.

Types of Medications to Treat UTI based upon the Types:

As per the type of infection, the opted medication might vary. Below depicted are types of infection along with the given medications.

Simple Infection:

The doctor usually prescribes the below-mentioned medications when you are suffering from a minute or simple UTI:

· Trimethoprim or sulfamethoxazole

· Fosfomycin also called Monurol

· Nitrofurantoin named as Macrodantin or Macrobid

· Cephalexin or Keflex

· Ceftriaxone

The category of antibiotic medicines, also named fluoroquinolones including ciprofloxacin (Cipro) and levofloxacin, is not generally commonly used for this UTI category. The reason behind this is these work better in treating complicated UTIs. Doctors recommend fluoroquinolone in case of kidney infection, especially when there is no alternate option.

Typically within a week of UTI treatments, the symptoms start clearing up. But you might consider having antibiotics for a specific time as it is necessary to finish the antibiotic course for better results.

For an uncomplicated urinary tract infection, shorter courses are successful. Thus, doctors recommend the intake of antibiotics for three to four days. In addition, the shorter course will be practical or not depends upon the symptoms and specific medical history.

Frequent Infections:

If you suffer from UTI on a frequent basis, then the doctor is supposed to consider distinct medications, including:

· Low-dose of antibiotics for at least six months

· Self-diagnosis in addition to UTI treatments, when you stay in regular touch with a doctor

· A single antibiotic dose specifically after sexual intercourse. This is applicable when the infections are related to such activities

· Vaginal estrogen therapy in case you are postmenopausal

Severe Infection:

If you are suffering from a severe UTI, you need proper treatment along with intravenous antibiotics. And lifestyle plays a significant role in curing severe infections.

Lifestyle and Home Remedies:

UTIs can be highly painful. Thus you should individually take particular for easing up your discomfort. Here are some tips that you can consider:

· Drink plenty amount of water as it will help in diluting the urine and will effectively flush out the unnecessary bacteria.

· Avoid certain things that can cause bladder irritation, such as coffee, alcohol, or drinks comprising of citrus juices.

· Consider using a heating pad over the abdomen area to minimize bladder pressure.

APD can affect people of any age. It usually begins in childhood, but some people get it later in life. It affects between 2% and 7% of children, with boys being more likely than girls to have it. Because the disease can cause academic difficulties, children with it may require more support in school.

APD isn’t the same as hearing loss or a learning disability. It means that your brain does not “hear” noises in the way it normally does. It’s not a matter of comprehending the meaning. A person with APD, for example, may have difficulty distinguishing between the sounds of a bat and a cat. In some cases, most words can also be scrambled when heard, making the person unable to exactly comprehend and process the words.

Other things that elicit similar symptoms could be associated with APD. In fact, it could be one of the causes of dyslexia in some people. Furthermore, some specialists believe that youngsters may be classified as having ADHD when they actually have APD.

APD can influence your child’s ability to read, write, and spell, as well as the way they talk. They might omit word endings or mix up similar sounds. It can also be difficult for them to communicate with others. They might not be capable of processing what others are saying quickly enough to respond.

It is unknown what causes APD. However, the issues affect people of all ages and in various ways. Common symptoms include failing to pay attention to what people are saying, not recognizing the source of a sound, being unable to listen to music, and comprehending what people are saying when engaged in a conversation. So, if they don’t understand, they could respond in unexpected ways.

The reason for APD in children is frequently unknown. Children with head trauma, lead poisoning, seizure disorder, or recurrent ear infections are thought to be at a higher risk. There may be multiple causes in some cases. APD is a contentious topic. Experts disagree about whether it is a disorder in and of itself, and there are several definitions. However, the phrase is still in use, and the challenges are very real.

The first step in determining whether or not you have APD is to rule out hearing loss. Professionals in the medical field are usually capable of doing so. Audiologists, on the other hand, conduct APD testing. The audiologist will conduct a series of sophisticated listening tests in which your child will be exposed to a variety of sounds and respond accordingly. They could, for example, repeat them or press a button. The doctor may also place non-painful electrodes in your child’s ears and head to assess how their brain responds to sound, and, accordingly, prescribe hearing aids in Sri Lanka.

Speech therapy is the most common treatment for APD. If the child has a language issue, the school may provide free therapy. However, speech-language therapists in clinics or in medical clinics are also available. The earlier you begin treatment, the better. There is no cure for APD, and treatment is tailored to the individual. However, it usually concentrates on certain areas, such as alterations to the physical surroundings to improve the listening environment, individualized treatments, and help for non-listening symptoms that are managed by other professionals. Many places provide services for hearing aids in Maharagama, and the hearing aid price in Sri Lankais guaranteed to be affordable.

Individualized therapy is a key aid in the development of a child’s auditory pathway. The audiologist would typically recommend them based on the findings of a child’s exams and concerns, and sometimes prescribe hearing aids for better assistance. Children with APD can benefit from a variety of computer-assisted programs. They primarily help the brain process sounds in a noisy environment. These programs are available at some schools. If your child has APD, check with the school to see what choices are accessible, and use the hearing aid service online in Sri Lanka to get the best of the options available.